In this blog post, I will examine the nature of power and how those in power undermine democracy, drawing on Kang Jun-man’s book ‘Power Changes the Human Brain’.
Book Overview and Key Points
Power is finite, but responsibility is infinite. Since time immemorial, humans have lived their lives moving in perfect unison under those who hold power within a group. At times, power has been misused or abused by those in power, causing hardship or even death for countless members of the group. However, when used wisely, power can also help the entire population lead happy lives. This book is a collection of aphorisms in which the author cites definitions of power offered by politicians, administrators, and scholars from throughout history and across the globe, specifically elucidating the validity and practicality of their statements.
It is fascinating that the nature of power has remained unchanged from ancient times to the present day, even as democracy has become highly developed. In particular, various cases that occurred in the United States—arguably the most democratic nation—are vividly depicted. Through a wealth of examples, such as President Nixon, who resigned in disgrace after misusing power, and President Reagan, who restored America’s pride after it had hit rock bottom, the book explores the history of the United States and discusses various world leaders as well.
The Reality of Korean Politics and Power
Even in the Republic of Korea, which has transitioned from a feudal era to a democracy, the insatiable hunger for power appears truly futile. Throughout history and across cultures, those in power constantly claim they use their authority for the sake of all citizens, yet even today, they ruthlessly wield power for their own personal gain and interests all over the world. Despite the simple truth that absolute power corrupts, the greed for power knows no bounds. Today, South Korea is trapped in an extreme ideological dichotomy, with people following the leaders they favor. If someone’s ideology or opinions differ from their own or those of their group, they are treated as mortal enemies, subjected to relentless personal attacks and doxxing online, with no tolerance for opposing views. In particular, the “fanboy” culture surrounding politicians has reached world-class levels, leading to behavior that erodes national strength.
It is common to see people aspiring to power in pursuit of the fourth level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: the need for esteem (honor). Since the Joseon Dynasty, how desperately have people struggled to enter government service, elevate their family’s honor, wield the power that comes with their position to their heart’s content, and reap the sweet rewards? With no regard for the people dying in poverty, they abused their power to achieve personal success and family honor, resulting in the nation’s collapse and the people being forced to live as colonized subjects, enduring humiliation. Even today, this behavior has not changed in the slightest. When grassroots local governments were first established in 1989, these positions began as unpaid honorary posts, but since then, officials have colluded among themselves to receive monthly salaries higher than the average wage of the general public. Can they honestly claim that these positions are meant to serve the residents of their districts? Since these positions are only possible with the endorsement of the district’s National Assembly member, they have no choice but to kowtow to those in power (the Assembly members). Since lawmakers must flatter and cater to those above them to secure the next nomination, they ultimately end up looking only to the president at the very top. This is particularly true in a presidential system like South Korea’s, where the president’s immense power has caused various conflicts and remains a valid concern today. Power is like a terrifying weapon that can become poison if misused, but if used correctly, it is like a double-edged sword that can bring happiness to all.
In particular, the final chapter, titled “Why Is the End of a South Korean President’s Term a Tragedy?”, points out that since the founding of the Republic of Korea in 1948, no president has been able to escape the disaster of imperial power. Most presidents throughout history started with high approval ratings early in their terms but saw those ratings plummet toward the end, leading to the phenomenon of a “lame duck” presidency. Although they presented their own visions and policies and started out with enthusiasm, they repeatedly fell into a pattern where, intoxicated by autocracy, stubbornness, and a lust for power, they ignored public opinion and responded complacently, leading to the collapse of state affairs and the public turning their backs on them. Consequently, calls to reduce presidential powers and establish parliamentary democracy have been made, but these efforts have fizzled out more than once. Since the president is not omnipotent, we are still repeating this foolish pattern.
